China is facing an emerging health issue as the outbreak of human metapneumovirus (HMPV) hits hospitals hard, and alarm is growing about its impact, especially among children, the elderly, and the immune-compromised. The number of patients going to hospitals is alarming, which raises fear with its impact almost like the COVID-19 pandemic, with some reports indicating a multiple respiratory virus including HMPV, influenza A, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, and COVID-19.
Human Metapneumovirus (HMPV) Outbreak – What it is?
Human metapneumovirus, or HMPV, is a respiratory virus that causes infections in the upper and lower respiratory tracts. It can affect anyone, but children, older adults, and immunocompromised individuals are more susceptible. First identified in 2001, HMPV has since been recognized as a significant contributor to respiratory illnesses worldwide.
Symptoms of HMPV
The symptoms of HMPV are similar to those of the flu or common cold. Common signs include:
- Cough
- Fever
- Nasal congestion
- Shortness of breath
In severe cases, HMPV can lead to complications like bronchitis or pneumonia. The incubation period usually falls between three and six days, and symptoms may last different amounts of time and vary in intensity.
How Does HMPV Spread?
HMPV spreads through respiratory droplets, just like the flu or COVID-19. It is transmitted by:
- Coughing and sneezing
- Close personal contact, such as handshakes
- Touching contaminated surfaces and then touching your face
Who is Most at Risk?
Some groups are at a higher risk of severe illness from HMPV, including:
- Young children
- Older adults
- People with weakened immune systems
Prevention Tips
Prevent HMPV by carrying out practices similar to those adopted with other respiratory infections:
- Wash hands frequently for at least 20 seconds with soap and water.
- Refrain from touching your face with unwashed hands.
- Keep yourself at some distance from the sick.
- Wipe frequently used surfaces, such as doorknobs, toys, and phones.
What to Do When Symptoms Begin?
If you or someone you know has symptoms of HMPV, then follow these guidelines:
- Cough or sneeze with a tissue or elbow to cover your mouth and nose.
- Stay home if you are unwell to avoid spreading the virus.
- Avoid sharing personal items such as utensils, towels, or cups.
- Wash hands frequently and thoroughly to minimize transmission.
Is There a Cure or Vaccine for HMPV?
To date, there is no specific treatment or vaccine for HMPV. Treatment for infected patients is mainly symptomatic and aimed at preventing complications. Over-the-counter medications, rest, and hydration are commonly recommended. In severe cases, hospitalization may be required.
HMPV and COVID-19 have similar symptoms, which include fever, coughing, congestion, and shortness of breath. The viruses are transmitted through respiratory droplets. However, HMPV is known to peak in winter and spring, unlike COVID-19, which spreads throughout the year since its variants change.
Why is HMPV on the Rise?
Experts believe the post-pandemic surge in HMPV cases could be due to weakened immunity. Lockdowns and social distancing measures during the COVID-19 pandemic reduced exposure to many viruses, thereby lowering immunity across populations. Once restrictions were lifted, respiratory infections, including HMPV, began to rise sharply.
The HMPV outbreak in China is an indicator of how vigilance in combating respiratory illnesses is important. The virus, although posing serious risks, especially to vulnerable groups, can be kept at bay through simple hygiene measures and awareness. As researchers continue to monitor HMPV, public health efforts are essential in dealing with the outbreak and its possible implications globally.
Also, see: China faces new virus outbreak five years after COVID-19 pandemic